How non-standard automated machines reduce material costs through design How non-standard automated machines reduce material costs through design
In manufacturing companies, material costs account for more than 60% of the cost of most products. In the machinery industry, hardware manufacturing and other industries, material costs account for the vast majority, which makes us aware of the importance of reducing material costs. . But how to reduce the cost of materials? I will explain the materials at different stages of the factory from the design point of view: manufacturing companies, the cost of materials, accounting for more than 60% of the cost of most products, machinery industry, hardware manufacturing In other industries, material costs account for the vast majority, which makes us aware of the importance of reducing material costs. But how to reduce the cost of materials? Rener Automation will explain the material at different stages of the plant from a design perspective:
First, the design stage
I have a point: "The cost is designed." This includes two aspects: on the one hand, the cost of the design itself, and on the other hand, the cost of the designed product. The cost of the design itself refers to the cost caused by repeated design and excessive design; many companies' technology research and development departments have not yet established their own knowledge systems. The design ideas, design methods and design schemes of the previously designed products have not been obtained. Good retention, basically need to restart when designing new products, can not use the existing design, consume a lot of design costs, and the quality of the designed products is very unstable, the design cycle is particularly long .
The cost of the designed product refers to the difference in product cost due to the difference in the materials used in the design, the route of the design, the versatility of the designed parts, etc. during the design process. For example, different design schemes have different requirements on the quality or specifications of the purchased materials, and the natural cost of high quality or specification of the materials is relatively high; the design of the process route is complicated, and the design with high processing difficulty naturally consumes a relatively high cost. The versatility of materials or parts has a great impact on cost. If new materials appear frequently in the design process, it is likely to lead to an increase in inventory and an increase in stagnant materials, thereby increasing the inventory cost of the enterprise, and even affecting it in severe cases. The turnover of corporate funds and corporate costs remain high.
In the process of design, we should make use of common materials and design common parts to facilitate the utilization and turnover of stocks. At the same time, we can make full use of existing equipment and molds by reducing the variety of special parts or new parts. It also reduces the complexity of production planning, production efficiency will be higher, but also the quality of products can be guaranteed, the quality of new products, new parts is much higher than mature products. The benefits of this series will undoubtedly greatly reduce the cost of the enterprise.
Second, the planning stage
The so-called plan includes two aspects, one is the procurement plan on the one hand and the production plan on the other hand. The goal of these two aspects is the same, that is, how to meet the production needs with reasonable inventory, to ensure smooth production. Only the production cost of the above target enterprises is the lowest. If the production line is often shut down or the excess product is produced in the warehouse, it will undoubtedly increase the cost of the enterprise. The procurement plan is based on the production plan, so it is critical that the production plan is reasonable. So how to arrange the production plan reasonably? I think there are at least the following principles: a, guarantee the delivery date of the order; b, ensure the production balance and the production capacity can meet the production needs; c, ensure the highest production efficiency, not because of the batch Unreasonable results in multiple mold changes or other increase in preparation time, resulting in a single piece of processing time.
Once the production plan is arranged, we need to consider how to make a procurement plan. First, we must consider the following factors when making the procurement plan: How much is the existing inventory? How much material is in transit (has not been purchased), when? What is the required material for the unfinished production plan that has been released, when is it needed? What is the amount of purchases that have been included in the plan? What is the amount of material required for the products already included in the production plan? Consider so many factors if It is very difficult to calculate the estimate manually, and even if it can be calculated, the efficiency is very low. Therefore, it is recommended that enterprises use computer software systems, such as ERP systems, to assist in calculations. A reasonable procurement plan can effectively reduce inventory.
Most companies are now producing on-order. During the PMC operation, the demand is divided into two parts, one is the order-specific material, and the other is the shared material (or parts); the materials specific to the order are usually ordered. Procurement or production, no purchase or production of excess stock, and the share of the share is different, need to be mass produced according to experience. Although the machinery industry is also an order-type production, its planning mode is different from the above. If the production is only completed after the order is confirmed, the production cycle will be very long and cannot meet the customer's delivery requirements; therefore, the machinery industry will be based on The standard configuration of the design is first produced, and the customer can modify the standard configuration (adding and subtracting equipment and parts) after the order is placed, so that the production cycle can be greatly reduced. This situation requires higher prediction accuracy of the plan. Otherwise, it may cause a backlog of products.
Third, the use stage
The cost control of materials in the use phase mainly refers to reducing waste. In theory, the workshops are based on the standard dosage of the technical department. However, in the actual operation process, there are often many cases exceeding the standard dosage. There are many reasons. For example, the standard dosage is not standard. The standard dosage is often not enough to re-collect or re-feed more. In this case, the workshop will be troublesome and will not be picked up according to the standard dosage. Another reason may be that the materials used in the workshop are not taken according to the production plan documents, or even if they are taken in a single order, the materials between the documents are misappropriated in the actual use process, and the accounts are unclear. Going to the warehouse, in fact, the workshop may have these materials. The third case is direct waste, such as loss or retirement. In view of the above three situations, the first is to establish the process and system of the materials used in the workshop, and to regulate the behavior of the materials; the second is to establish an exception handling mechanism to define what should be done when there is super-collection behavior. In addition, it is necessary to use ERP management tools to control the quantity of materials and regulate the behavior of the materials. This can basically control the behavior of randomness. When it is really necessary to over-collect, it can also trigger relevant departments to review the super-collection. The reason is to solve the problem from the source.
Fourth, the storage phase
Mainly refers to the warehouse preservation phase. In the inventory stage, the cost is mainly reduced from the following aspects: A, control of inventory sluggish materials; B, increase of inventory turnover rate; for stagnant materials, we first analyze the reasons for the occurrence, which may include the following situations: a, order Cancelled; b, the plan is not allowed to lead to procurement by the purchasing department; c, the supplier has more delivery; d, the inventory is not allowed, the material is not required to cause re-ordering; e, the engineering changes cause some materials to be used .
The inventory caused by the cancellation of the order is usually unpredictable. If the inventory of this part is not used later, it will either be returned to the supplier or transferred to another factory that can be used, or directly disposed of. However, due to the latter three cases of sluggish materials, it is important to prevent, rather than how to deal with the stagnant material. For example, if the plan is not allowed, we must find a way to get the plan into order. If the stock is not accurate, we must find a way to make the inventory account consistent. The plan is still as I mentioned earlier, application management tools (such as ERP); as for how to get accurate inventory, there are many ways, in fact, it is very simple, I will not say more here. If the inventory is sluggish due to engineering changes, unless it is a customer request and there is no room for negotiation, you must use the old materials to make changes; of course, there will be a problem, in the end, when will I be expected? Exhausted? In addition to the visual method, the best way is to use ERP tools, because ERP can achieve automatic replacement, if the old material inventory is not enough, the system will automatically replace the use of new materials. To improve the inventory turnover rate, here is a way to share a warehouse supervisor: once a warehouse supervisor told me that their materials use first-in-first-out, inventory can be allowed to stay in the warehouse for up to six days, more than six days warehouse supervisor It is necessary to report and investigate the reasons.
2019 07/22